2018年是全國性重點環(huán)保督查年，一場更密集、更徹底的環(huán)保風(fēng)暴已經(jīng)到來。在這場環(huán)保風(fēng)暴中，環(huán)保設(shè)備和檢測儀器企業(yè)的訂單不斷，業(yè)務(wù)繼續(xù)被拉動。
數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2018年1~6月儀器儀表行業(yè)實現(xiàn)主營業(yè)務(wù)收入近4400億元，同比增長9.8%，20個子行業(yè)中有9個同比實現(xiàn)兩位數(shù)增長，僅教學(xué)專用儀器制造和鐘表與計時儀器制造行業(yè)同比下降。實現(xiàn)利潤總額同比增長10.83%，主營業(yè)務(wù)收入利潤率為9.35%，同比提高0.57個百分點。資產(chǎn)總額同比增長14.4%，負債合計增長13%，所有者權(quán)益合計增長15.52%，資產(chǎn)負債率為43.9%，同比增加0.36個百分點。應(yīng)收賬款同比增長14.44%，產(chǎn)成品存貨增長12.49%。每百元主營業(yè)務(wù)收入中的成本同比減少2.1元，每百元主營業(yè)務(wù)收入中的費用同比增長1.87元，發(fā)生主營業(yè)務(wù)成本增長9.22%。
行業(yè)實現(xiàn)主營業(yè)務(wù)收入增幅低于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，利潤增幅更是低于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域6個百分點。另據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計，2018年1~5月儀器儀表出口總額同比增長4.8%，進口金額同比增長11%，進出口逆差近130億美元。根據(jù)商務(wù)部發(fā)布最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，1~7月，全國設(shè)計外商投資企業(yè)同比增長99.1%，實際使用外資同比增長2.3%。其中醫(yī)療設(shè)備及儀器儀表制造業(yè)投資額同比增長達149.2%。
工業(yè)自動化儀器儀表穩(wěn)增長
自動化分行業(yè)是儀器儀表20個分行業(yè)中占比最大的行業(yè)，營收規(guī)模占比達36%。2018年上半年工業(yè)自動化分行業(yè)經(jīng)營保持穩(wěn)定增長，營業(yè)收入增幅同比11.49%，但利潤增幅同比僅為5.54%，對拉低行業(yè)利潤增幅由較大影響。綜合分析，工業(yè)自動化分行業(yè)傳統(tǒng)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域通過去產(chǎn)能、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)工作的深入，整體趨穩(wěn)，部分服務(wù)領(lǐng)域新項目啟動較多，市場呈上上行態(tài)勢;但由于行業(yè)自身進入門檻降低，重點新產(chǎn)品和高附加值產(chǎn)品推出力度不夠，在需求轉(zhuǎn)好的同時大部分產(chǎn)品價格卻呈下行態(tài)勢，有可能對長遠發(fā)展產(chǎn)生負面影響。
根據(jù)協(xié)會掌握情況，大部分自動化分行業(yè)細分領(lǐng)域龍頭企業(yè)的營收和利潤增幅均好于分行業(yè)整體情況，企業(yè)對行業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的感受和敏感程度差異較大。市場和技術(shù)等資源在向行業(yè)優(yōu)勢企業(yè)集中，行業(yè)之間，相同行業(yè)企業(yè)間的態(tài)勢的明顯分化，相同產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的冷暖兩重天及強者更強的格局逐步顯現(xiàn)。
支撐工業(yè)自動化健康發(fā)展需要行業(yè)在服務(wù)流程工業(yè)與離散工業(yè)方面具備齊頭并進的能力。但目前工業(yè)自動化的主要市場還是在流程工業(yè)，智能制造的主要進展和有影響力的典型項目也還是在流程工業(yè)，雖然行業(yè)企業(yè)相繼完成了裝備制造企業(yè)智能制造工廠解決方案、虛擬仿真、示范線MES、立體倉庫、餐飲企業(yè)配套智能化等項目，但真正服務(wù)于離散工業(yè)的軟、硬件產(chǎn)品貯備嚴重不足，品牌影響力弱，還難以形成規(guī)模效益，短期內(nèi)對行業(yè)的拉動和支撐作用有限。
供應(yīng)用儀表運行狀況一般
上半年電工儀器儀表和供應(yīng)用儀表運行狀況一般，上半年營收同比增長分別為7.3%、7.34%，利潤同比分別下降17%和2.41%，均低于行業(yè)水平。
行業(yè)前景難以樂觀。熱力分戶計量進展慢于預(yù)期，熱量表的主要市場還是在熱力站等工業(yè)計量領(lǐng)域。電能表主要是受制于國內(nèi)市場國網(wǎng)、南網(wǎng)兩個主要客戶招標采購數(shù)量明顯下降，元器件、原材料價格上漲，大部分企業(yè)都出現(xiàn)營收增幅收窄，利潤同比下降的情況。即使是拓展海外市場進展較好的企業(yè)，也受到海外市場波動性較大，特別是相關(guān)國家貨幣匯率大幅波動的影響，造成營收和利潤的下降。協(xié)會預(yù)測，傳統(tǒng)水、氣表市場下滑明顯，智能水、氣表(如物聯(lián)網(wǎng)水表、氣表，全電子式(超聲、電磁等)水表)迎來發(fā)展機遇;同時以智慧公用事業(yè)整體解決方案為代表的平臺技術(shù)、云技術(shù)、大數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用得到大面積認可及推廣。
科學(xué)儀器需求量逐漸增加
科學(xué)儀器涉及的分行業(yè)分類較多，總計包含十二個分行業(yè)，市場需求穩(wěn)定增長。在環(huán)保新政實施的大力推進下，水、氣、土、固(危)廢檢測需求全面提升，環(huán)境監(jiān)測儀器產(chǎn)業(yè)需求快速增長，上半年環(huán)境監(jiān)測儀器分行業(yè)營收同比、利潤同比雙雙突破兩位數(shù)，分別為20.09%,31.18%。各大招標中越來越多的國產(chǎn)企業(yè)入圍，以中科院和檢驗檢疫為代表的高端用戶對國產(chǎn)儀器的認識更加客觀公正，有利于國產(chǎn)實驗分析儀器在中高端領(lǐng)域取得點的突破。
上半年實驗分析儀器分行業(yè)營收同比增長9.3%，利潤增長18.8%。光學(xué)儀器方面，行業(yè)依托在平面光學(xué)元件、生物顯微鏡、光學(xué)冷加工工藝等方面的長期積累，逐步在研究用顯微鏡、工業(yè)顯微鏡、生命科學(xué)儀器、智能手機光學(xué)模組、掃描儀鏡頭等高附加值產(chǎn)品方面取得突破并形成產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模，上半年光學(xué)儀器分行業(yè)營收同比增長14.13%，利潤增長19.24%。此外，傳感器出現(xiàn)迅猛增長，未來市場可期。
下半年需未雨綢繆
中國儀器儀表行業(yè)協(xié)會副理事長、重慶材料研究院有限公司董事長劉慶賓表示，經(jīng)過長時間的努力，近幾年部分國產(chǎn)品牌在國內(nèi)以及國際市場的認可和接受程度在提升。以國產(chǎn)替代為主要目標，部分行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會有機會，特別是科學(xué)儀器中的分析儀器、試驗設(shè)備、實驗室儀器、電子測量儀器(高端數(shù)字萬用表、示波器、源和電源、參數(shù)分析儀、過程校準及檢測儀器等)高端用戶對進口儀器的依賴和大量采用的現(xiàn)象短時間內(nèi)還不會很快改變，甚至不少基層檢測機構(gòu)也有采購進口儀器的勢頭。
同時不能對貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)、提高進口關(guān)稅對行業(yè)的幫助過于樂觀。行業(yè)企業(yè)還需共同努力，在爭取給予國產(chǎn)儀器公平合理的政策導(dǎo)向和市場環(huán)境上采取行動企業(yè)家特別關(guān)注、期盼的資金面寬松問題，由于穩(wěn)杠桿是貨幣政策的主基調(diào)，下半年的資金面難以有大的改變。企業(yè)家們必須充分做好應(yīng)對資金緊張和資金成本大幅上升情況的準備，嚴格控制合同質(zhì)量和經(jīng)營性現(xiàn)金流量，克制擴產(chǎn)、重資產(chǎn)投資沖動，充分做好“過冬”的準備。
2018 is the year of national key environmental protection inspection, and a more intensive and thorough environmental protection storm has arrived. In this environmental storm, environmental protection equipment and testing equipment business orders continue to be pulled.
The data show that the main business income of the instrument industry in January-June 2018 was nearly 440 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the same period of the same period. Nine of the 20 sub-industries achieved double-digit growth over the same period of the same period. Only the specialized teaching instrument manufacturing and the clock and timepiece manufacturing industries declined year-on-year. The total profit increased by 10.83% and the profit margin of the main business income increased by 0.57 percentage points. Total assets grew by 14.4%, total liabilities by 13%, owner's equity by 15.52%, and the ratio of assets to liabilities by 43.9%, an increase of 0.36 percentage points. Accounts receivable increased by 14.44% compared with the same period last year, and finished goods inventories increased by 12.49%. The cost per 100 yuan of main business income decreased by 2.1 yuan, the cost per 100 yuan of main business income increased by 1.87 yuan, and the main business cost increased by 9.22%.
The growth rate of the main business income of the industry is lower than that of the industrial sector, and the profit growth rate is lower than that of the industrial sector by 6 percentage points. According to customs statistics, the total export volume of instruments and meters increased by 4.8% from January to May 2018, the import value increased by 11% and the import and export deficit was nearly 13 billion US dollars. According to the latest data released by the Ministry of Commerce, from January to July, the number of foreign-funded design enterprises increased by 99.1% year-on-year, and the actual use of foreign capital increased by 2.3%. Among them, investment in medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing increased by 149.2% over the same period last year.
Steady growth of industrial automation instrumentation
Automation sub-industry is the largest industry in the 20 sub-industries of instrumentation, accounting for 36% of revenue. In the first half of 2018, the operation of the industrial automation sub-industry maintained steady growth, with revenue growth of 11.49%, but profit growth of only 5.54% compared with the same period of the same period of the same period, which had a greater impact on reducing the profit growth of the industry. Comprehensive analysis shows that the traditional service areas of industrial automation sub-industries tend to be stable as a whole through the in-depth work of capacity removal and structural adjustment, and some new projects in the service areas start up more, and the market shows an upward trend; however, due to the lowering of the entry threshold of the industry itself, the introduction of key new products and high value-added products is insufficient, and the demand turns better. At the same time, most of the products are in a downward trend, which may have a negative impact on the long-term development.
According to the mastery of the association, the revenue and profit growth rate of most leading enterprises in the automatic sub-industry segmentation are better than the overall situation of the sub-industry, and the enterprises'perception and sensitivity to the industry data vary greatly. Market and technology resources are concentrated to the industry advantage enterprises, the situation between industries and enterprises in the same industry is obviously divided, the same product production enterprises cold and warm days and the stronger pattern gradually emerged.
Supporting the healthy development of industrial automation requires the industry to have the ability to go hand in hand with the service process industry and discrete industry. At present, the main market of industrial automation is still in the process industry, and the main progress and influential typical projects of intelligent manufacturing are still in the process industry. Although the industry enterprises have successively completed the intelligent manufacturing factory solution, virtual simulation, demonstration line MES, three-dimensional warehouse, catering enterprises supporting intelligence. However, the software and hardware products that really serve the discrete industry are seriously inadequate, the brand influence is weak, and it is difficult to form economies of scale. In the short term, the role of stimulating and supporting the industry is limited.
Supply meters operate in general condition.
In the first half of the year, the operation of electrical instruments and supply instruments was in general. In the first half of the year, revenue increased by 7.3% and 7.34% respectively, while profits decreased by 17% and 2.41%, respectively, which were lower than the industry level.
Industry outlook is not optimistic. The progress of household heat metering is slower than expected, and the main market of heat meters is still in the field of industrial metering such as thermal power stations. Watt-hour meters are mainly subject to the domestic market, the two main customers bidding and purchasing power grid declined significantly, components, raw materials prices rose, most enterprises have narrowed revenue growth, profits fell year-on-year situation. Even companies that have made better progress in expanding their overseas markets are subject to greater volatility in overseas markets, especially the large fluctuations in the exchange rates of the currencies of the countries concerned, resulting in a decline in revenue and profits. The Association predicts that the market of traditional water and gas meters is declining significantly, and intelligent water and gas meters (such as water meters and gas meters in the Internet of Things, and all-electronic (ultrasonic, electromagnetic) water meters) will have an opportunity to develop. At the same time, platform technology, cloud technology and the application of large data represented by the overall solution of intelligent public utilities will be widely recognized and promoted.
Demand for scientific instruments is increasing.
Scientific instruments involve a large number of sub-industries, including a total of 12 sub-industries, and the market demand has increased steadily. With the vigorous implementation of the new environmental protection policy, the demand for water, gas, soil, solid (or dangerous) waste detection has been upgraded in an all-round way, and the demand for environmental monitoring instruments industry has increased rapidly. In the first half of this year, the revenue and profit of the environmental monitoring instruments sub-industries exceeded the double digits of 20.09% and 31.18% respectively. More and more domestic enterprises are listed in the major bidding. The high-end users represented by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and inspection and Quarantine have more objective and fair understanding of domestic instruments, which is conducive to the breakthrough of domestic experimental analytical instruments in the middle and high-end fields.
In the first half of the year, the revenue of experimental analytical instruments increased by 9.3% compared with that of the previous year, and the profit increased by 18.8%. In terms of optical instruments, the industry relies on planar optics, biomicroscopy and optics.
